![]() ![]() ![]() And by omitting a traditional shoulder stock, the owner can maintain the gun's status as a pistol - while also keeping the barrel length under the 16-inch minimum that's required for rifles. If a short barrel is used, like on the Dayton gun, it can be easier both to conceal and to handle in close quarters. "If a lower receiver is built into and registered as a pistol first, it can be stripped down and converted into a rifle in the future," the National Rifle Association says on its American Rifleman website, where it has published a guide for any people who want to build their own AR-15 pistol. And with an AR pistol, the process can result in an imposing weapon in a compact package. While it can be cheaper to build one's own AR-15, the approach also allows gun owners to customize their guns, from choosing the caliber of bullet it will chamber to trying out unique accessories. Everything else, from the barrel to the firing mechanism, can be easily bought directly - online or in a store.įully assembled AR-15 rifles can be bought for less than $500 - and the price goes up sharply from there. That's the shell-like piece that houses the trigger and bears the maker's serial number. law, the only part of a gun that's technically considered a firearm - and must be shipped to a licensed firearms dealer - is the lower receiver. "You're talking, really, a weapon of mass destruction that you're giving over the counter to anybody," said Joseph Vince, a former special agent with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives who now works as a gun crime consultant. Before it was turned against civilians, the gun was built from easily obtained components - leading to questions about America's gun laws and a gray area that exists between traditional categories such as rifles and pistols. The AR-15-style pistol used in Dayton is capable of pouring a stream of high-velocity bullets, thanks to its huge ammunition magazine. But while the weapon might look like a rifle to many people, it's technically classified as a pistol under federal law. The gun that was used on Sunday to kill nine people and wound more than a dozen others in Dayton, Ohio, inflicted that damage within just 30 seconds. ![]() A close-up of the gun's lower receiver (bottom right) shows the only part of the gun that is legally considered a firearm. Legally classified as a pistol, it was fed by a 100-round "double drum" magazine (lower left). The gun used in the Dayton shooting (top) has a barrel that's shorter than the federal minimum for a rifle. ![]()
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![]() ![]() They pointed Keck at 62 adjacent locations of the galaxy, mapping out the spectra of stars over a region about 70,000 light-years across. Ma, together with UC Berkeley graduate student Emily Liepold (lead author on the paper published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters) and Jonelle Walsh at Texas A&M University were able to determine the 3D shape of M87 thanks to a new precision instrument mounted on the Keck II Telescope. That's likely the reason M87's central black hole is so large - it assimilated the central black holes of one or more galaxies it swallowed. Over ten times the mass of the Milky Way, M87 probably grew from the merger of many other galaxies. "Now that we know the direction of the net rotation of stars in M87 and have an updated mass of the black hole, we can combine this information with data from the Event Horizon Telescope to constrain the spin," said Chung-Pei Ma, a UC Berkeley lead investigator on the research. The stereo model of M87 and the more precise mass of the central black hole could help astrophysicists learn the black hole's spin rate. When the Event Horizon Telescope, an international collaboration of ground-based telescopes, released the first-ever image of the same black hole in 2019, the size of its pitch-black event horizon allowed researchers to calculate a mass of 6.5 billion solar masses using Einstein's theory of general relativity. Hubble observations in 1995 first measured the M87 black hole as being 2.4 billion solar masses, which astronomers deduced by clocking the speed of the gas swirling around the black hole. Tracking the stellar speeds and position allowed researchers to build a three-dimensional view of the galaxy.Īstronomers at the University of California, Berkeley, were able to determine the mass of the black hole at the galaxy's core to a high precision, estimating it at 5.4 billion times the mass of the Sun. The stellar motion was used to provide new insights into the shape of the galaxy and its rotation, and it also yielded a new measurement of the black hole's mass. Scientists made the 3D plot by measuring the motions of stars that swarm around the galaxy's supermassive central black hole. Determining the true shape of giant elliptical galaxies will help astronomers understand better how large galaxies and their central large black holes form. For example, the whole class of huge galaxies called "ellipticals" look like blobs in pictures. In most cases, astronomers must use their intuition to figure out the true shapes of deep-space objects. This stereo vision was made possible by combining the power of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the ground-based W. This galaxy turns out to be "triaxial," or potato-shaped. Now for the first time, astronomers have measured the three-dimensional shape of one of the biggest and closest elliptical galaxies to us, M87. Though we live in a vast three-dimensional universe, celestial objects seen through a telescope look flat because everything is so far away. It not only has a long and short axis, which defines an ellipse on a piece of graph paper, but they measured a third axis which helps define the three-dimensionality. By following the motion of stars around the center of M87, like bees around a hive, they've measured that the galaxy looks potato-shaped. They picked one of the nearest elliptical galaxies to Earth, M87, located 55 million light-years away in the heart of the vast Virgo cluster of galaxies. Now, a century later, astronomers at last have the tools to estimate the true shape of an elliptical galaxy. They are too far away for astronomers to employ stereoscopic vision. Though the universe is three-dimensional, galaxies look flat on the sky. Others looked like cotton balls, which he called elliptical galaxies. Many were flattened spiral disks of stars. Like a kid collecting rocks, he sorted them into shapes. American astronomer Edwin Hubble realized this in the early 20th century when he used the most powerful telescope on Earth at the time to peer across the universe. Though it's estimated that the universe contains 1 trillion galaxies, they come in just a few basic shapes. Four Successful Women Behind the Hubble Space Telescope's Achievements.Characterizing Planets Around Other Stars.Measuring the Universe's Expansion Rate. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() In previous work, we randomly sampled without replacement a constant number (e.g. Alternatively, one may perform clustering (constrained or unconstrained) to discover marker distributions either as an attempt to predict marker identities or obtain statistical descriptions/visualizations of the postures. One may also attempt user identification. This dataset may be used for a variety of tasks, the most obvious of which is posture recognition via classification. A 'User' attribute is provided to accomodate this strategy. One then tests the generalization of the algorithm to new users. We recommend therefore to evaluate classification algorithms on a leave-one-user-out basis wherein each user is iteratively left out from training and used as a test set. For more information, see 'Attribute Information'.ĭue to the manner in which data was captured, it is likely that for a given record and user there exists a near duplicate record originating from the same user. The processed data has at most 12 markers per record and at least 3. Finally, any record that contained fewer than 3 markers was removed. Second, each transformed marker with a norm greater than 200 millimeters was pruned. First, all markers were transformed to the local coordinate system of the record containing them. The data presented here is already partially preprocessed. As a result, the number of visible markers in a record varied considerably. Extraneous markers were also possible due to artifacts in the Vicon software's marker reconstruction/recording process and other objects in the capture volume. In addition, due to the resolution of the capture volume and self-occlusion due to the orientation and configuration of the hand and fingers, many records have missing markers. Consequently, there is no a priori correspondence between the markers of two given records. The 11 markers not part of the rigid pattern were unlabeled their positions were not explicitly tracked. 2 markers were attached to each finger with one above the fingernail and the other on the joint between the proximal and middle phalanx. 3 markers were attached to the thumb with one above the thumbnail and the other two on the knuckles. A Vicon motion capture camera system was used to record 12 users performing 5 hand postures with markers attached to a left-handed glove.Ī rigid pattern of markers on the back of the glove was used to establish a local coordinate system for the hand, and 11 other markers were attached to the thumb and fingers of the glove. ![]() ![]() The sheer volume of text employed to argue philosophical points is impressive. Still, there are options to appease or ignore the program altogether, which presumably lead down different narrative paths. It seems to have a clever retort to just about everything and the player does not get to really “fight back” until near the end. In the same way that a difficult puzzle would stump me for several minutes at a time, I would often carefully consider each question it would pose, and play out how it would react to each of the given responses. Dynamite Headdy has been re-released on the PlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Microsoft Windows. ![]() In truth, navigating the dialogue trees of discussion with the Milton Library Assistant can become exhausting after a while. platform and action games on the Genesis. ![]() It asks fundamental questions about consciousness, morality, purpose, and the like, and even when it seems like the answer is obvious, it will provide a counter example that brings new perspective to the discussion. Interacting with the Milton Library Assistant is easily the most interesting non-puzzle activity in The Talos Principle. It has what you need to open up the Star. No further than all of the puzzles really. Hint about the hint: If you don't know what to do with the keys look for a locked gate close to the spawn point. Finally, there are QR codes painted on the walls of the puzzle rooms themselves, put there by entities who have passed through previously. Bigger hint: Look around 'The Guards Must be Crazy' for some secret keys. Scattered about, there are audio recordings from a woman whose importance to the story becomes more apparent over time. The Milton Library Assistant is a program created to catalog all of that data, but it ends up with its own thoughts and ideas. Not long after, the player finds computer terminals, which contain catalogs of old emails, websites, and other text that gives clues to the world’s history. ![]() Immediately upon waking, the player is greeted by an almighty voice in the sky calling himself Elohim, who gives commands and promises eternal life. The unique thing about The Talos Principle‘s story is that it is delivered through about a half dozen different avenues. In short, the story is about existing as an artificial intelligence in a strange, computer-generated world. GAME: Hey, I'm going out for pizza.Part of the reason I am so intent on seeing all there is to see is that the narrative is thought-provoking, but I feel like I am still missing some pieces of it. This is prevalent in walkthrough videos, where even the designer from CT had to comment that that is NOT the way how to get them. Because when after hour of trying to move forward game is constantly showing you're stupid to think you can actually solve this way, the ONLY way how to get that little yellow prick is not to think outside of a box, but how to ♥♥♥♥ that box. I just can't figure out HOW to do it! I swear, this is the only game that forces you to actively looking for exploits. If you get stuck with both fans there are cut off buttons placed on the left side as you fall. Tested to work with: NVIDIA Shield TV, NVIDIA Shield Tablet and Google. Originally posted by cSg|mc-Hotsauce:it is all about turning on both fans and using a box and timimg a fan hop. Supports both touch-screen and controllers. ![]() ![]() OnlyĪvailable in PHP compiled on POSIX.1-2008 conform systems.ĭifferent operating system families have different line-endingĬonventions. Set close-on-exec flag on the opened file descriptor. Open the file for reading and writing otherwise it has the same 'w' could truncate the file before the lockįtruncate() can be used after the lock is This may be useful if it'sĭesired to get an advisory lock (see flock())īefore attempting to modify the file, as using 'w'), nor the call to this function fails (as is If it exists, it is neither truncated (as opposed to If the file does not exist, it isĬreated. To specifying O_EXCL|O_CREAT flags for theĬreate and open for reading and writing otherwise it has the The file does not exist, attempt to create it. ![]() If the file already exists, theįopen() call will fail by returning false and The reading position, writes are always appended.Ĭreate and open for writing only place the file pointer at theīeginning of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt toĬreate it. In this mode, fseek() has no effect, writes are always appended. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. Open for writing only place the file pointer at the end of Open for reading and writing otherwise it has the Open for writing only place the file pointer at theīeginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. Open for reading and writing place the file pointer at Open for reading only place the file pointer at the The mode parameter specifies the type of access Used in the path to the file, or use forward slashes. On the Windows platform, be careful to escape any backslashes Protocol in use for a list of options which can be set. Some protocols (also referred to asĪnd/or php.ini options. The list of supported protocols can be found in Supported Protocols and Wrappers. If it is switched off, PHP will emit a warning and Network URL, PHP will check to make sure thatĮnabled. The file access permissions allow this access.Ī registered protocol, and that protocol is registered as a The file must be accessible to PHP, so you need to ensure that If PHP has decided that filename specifiesĪ local file, then it will try to open a stream on that file. Potential problems in your script and then continue as though Protocol are registered, PHP will emit a notice to help you track (also known as a wrapper) for that scheme. Is assumed to be a URL and PHP will search for a protocol handler If filename is of the form "scheme://.", it ![]() ![]() Getting Started Introduction A simple tutorial Language Reference Basic syntax Types Variables Constants Expressions Operators Control Structures Functions Classes and Objects Namespaces Enumerations Errors Exceptions Fibers Generators Attributes References Explained Predefined Variables Predefined Exceptions Predefined Interfaces and Classes Predefined Attributes Context options and parameters Supported Protocols and Wrappers Security Introduction General considerations Installed as CGI binary Installed as an Apache module Session Security Filesystem Security Database Security Error Reporting User Submitted Data Hiding PHP Keeping Current Features HTTP authentication with PHP Cookies Sessions Dealing with XForms Handling file uploads Using remote files Connection handling Persistent Database Connections Command line usage Garbage Collection DTrace Dynamic Tracing Function Reference Affecting PHP's Behaviour Audio Formats Manipulation Authentication Services Command Line Specific Extensions Compression and Archive Extensions Cryptography Extensions Database Extensions Date and Time Related Extensions File System Related Extensions Human Language and Character Encoding Support Image Processing and Generation Mail Related Extensions Mathematical Extensions Non-Text MIME Output Process Control Extensions Other Basic Extensions Other Services Search Engine Extensions Server Specific Extensions Session Extensions Text Processing Variable and Type Related Extensions Web Services Windows Only Extensions XML Manipulation GUI Extensions Keyboard Shortcuts ? This help j Next menu item k Previous menu item g p Previous man page g n Next man page G Scroll to bottom g g Scroll to top g h Goto homepage g s Goto search ![]() ![]() ![]() Own Your Notes With the Best Obsidian Alternatives Hive offers free and paid plans starting at $12/per user per month. Difficult to track changes you have made to your app. ![]() This project management app also features time-tracking capabilities and collaborative note-taking. Hive comes with multiple ways to view your notes, including Kanban, table, calendar, and portfolio.
![]() ![]() But when these sensors fail or the EGR valve gets stuck, you’ll run into problems. Since the EGR valve runs off sensors, it knows when to open and when to close to optimize performance. This different chemical makeup allows the combustion chamber to stay up to 150 degrees Celsius cooler, which produces cleaner exhaust and improves overall engine performance. Not only that, but the exhaust has a different chemical makeup than fresh air. First, it optimizes the fuel to air ratio without pulling in extra air from the intake. Recirculating the exhaust does a few things for overall performance. EGR Valve stands for exhaust gas recirculation valve, which breaks down exactly what it does. The EGR valve takes specific amounts of exhaust and recirculates it back to the combustion chamber. RELATED: 6 Causes of a Knocking or Pinging Car Engine EGR Valve Function If you can, you need to make repairs immediately before any further damage occurs. If you have a check engine light on for a faulty EGR valve, keep an ear out to see if you can hear any knocking. ![]() While this won’t always happen if you have a faulty EGR valve, the chances go up dramatically if the valve is stuck closed. Keeping the combustion chamber at a lower temperature prevents the fuel from igniting before it should. One of the lesser-known perks of the EGR valve is that it actually reduces engine knocking. RELATED: Rough Idle Causes & How to Fix it 6. That’s because the EGR valve is typically open then as it recirculates exhaust to lower the overall temperature of the combustion chamber. However, if the EGR valve is stuck closed, you’ll notice more problems while idling after the engine has already warmed up. That’s because usually, the EGR valve starts in the closed position. If your EGR valve is stuck open, then you’re going to get a rough idle, especially when your vehicle hasn’t warmed up yet. You might also notice that your acceleration has become jerky or rough. You’ll notice the problem more at lower speeds if the EGR valve is stuck open and at higher speeds if the EGR valve is stuck closed. Not only does an optimized engine improve fuel economy, but it also improves engine performance. While this might sound like a great symptom, it can damage your engine. One of the advantages of this is that it reduces the combustion chamber’s temperature and improves efficiency.īut when the EGR valve is stuck open, the engine will suck in air that is already measured by the MAF sensor, leading to a lean air-fuel mixture and a reduction in fuel consumption. Your EGR valve works to send the right amount of exhaust back to the combustion chamber. You might notice slightly more smoke when the EGR valve is bad, but this isn’t very common. In fact, if you have a faulty EGR valve, your vehicle will most likely fail an emissions test. Your EGR valve’s primary purpose is to reduce emissions, so you can expect that if it’s not working correctly, your overall emissions will increase. For instance, you might get a check engine light that indicates excessive exhaust chemicals or misfires, even though the problem stems from a faulty EGR valve. ![]() While the check engine light will usually point you straight to the EGR valve, it is possible that it might come on due to a symptom instead of a cause. Whether the EGR valve is clogged, stuck open, or stuck closed, you’re going to get a check engine light. Browse through our motor oil online listing today.There are tons of sensors monitoring your emissions, engine performance, and even the EGR valve’s performance. ![]() You can even find a selection of specialty and race oils in our collection. Best of all, we stock a range of leading brands of engine and diesel oil online and in stores across Australia. It’s advised that car owners should change their engine oil approximately every 8000km, depending on how old your engine is and the way that you drive. Motor oil lubricates the parts and absorbs heat, which allows all of the components to move together smoothly and effectively, without letting your engine overheat.īy regularly changing your engine or diesel oil before it wears out, saves you the trouble of your engine overheating or worse. This movement causes friction in the engine, which leads to excessive heat. Tip-Top EngineĪll cars and trucks have moving parts in their engine, which rub and move together when your vehicle is in motion. Which is why it’s important to keep a bottle or two of your favourite car oil brand as a reserve, because it’s that easy to change it yourself. It’s an integral element that keeps your engine functioning, without it your engine could overheat and cause irreplaceable damage. Whether you know everything about cars or not, one crucial part of routine maintenance is replacing your engine oil and filter. ![]() ![]() “Hunting the Deceitful Turkey” by Mark Twain Even when you are running from tigers you are like a ballerina who is running away from tigers.” 3. ![]() This may seem like it is a book for children, but adults can understand the theme of unrequited love and appreciate the way the author plays with language.įunniest quote: “You are so graceful and fine. The joyful illustrations make the book truly memorable. The story is told through a collection of letters where a love-struck Ox tries to impress a celebrity Gazelle. Have you ever wondered about the love stories of gazelles or oxen? This book proves that if such a relationship ever became real, then it would be hilarious! Whenever anything bad happened, George and Harold were usually responsible.” 2. The book is filled with funny cartoons and jokes that are sometimes disgusting but always entertaining.įunniest quote: “George and Harold were usually responsible kids. The story reveals a lot about the relationship between adults and children. The boys hypnotize their principal and make him into a superhero they drew-Captain Underpants. One day their principal catches them and makes them do his chores. They are famous pranksters in their school. It is about two boys, George and Harold, who like to draw comics. (Download) Our Funny English Story Recommendations 1. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that youĬlick here to get a copy. “The Great Automatic Grammatizator” by Roald Dahl “Do You Speak English?” by Simon Collings “The Ushuaia Rabbit” by Fernando Sorrentino
![]() ![]() Use of arm’s length range is not permittedĦ.4 The section provides that the arm’s length price shall be the arithmetic mean of the prices determined. In such cases, an attempt should be made to reach a conclusion consistent with the arm’s length principle that is satisfactory from a practical viewpoint to all the parties involved, taking into account the facts and circumstances of the case, the mix of evidence available, and the relative reliability of the various methods under considerations.” (para 1.69) However, for difficult cases, where no one approach is conclusive, a flexible approach would allow the evidence of various methods to be used in conjunction. ![]() “While in some cases the choice of a method may not be straightforward and more than one method may be initially considered, generally it will be possible to select one method that is apt to provide the best estimation of an arm’s length price. In this connection, the OECD Guidelines provide as follows: Selection of only one method is permittedĦ.3 The section stipulates selection of one method which is the most appropriate method. Thus, the Guidelines permit application of method not specified in them. However, a taxpayer should maintain and be prepared to provide documentation regarding how its transfer prices were established.” (para 1.68) Moreover, MNE groups retain the freedom to apply methods not described in this Report to establish prices provided those prices satisfy the arm’s length principle in accordance with these Guidelines. Tax administrators should hesitate from making minor or marginal adjustments. “No one method is suitable in every possible situation and the applicability of any particular method need not be disproved. Selection of a stipulated method alone is permittedĦ.2 The section provides that the arm’s length price shall be determined by applying a method specified in it. If more than one price is determined by the most appropriate method, the arm’s length price shall be taken to be the arithmetical mean of such prices.The most appropriate method shall be applied in the manner prescribed by the Board for determination of arm’s length price.The most appropriate method shall be ascertained having regard to the nature or class of transactions or class of associated persons, etc. ![]() The arm’s length price shall be determined by the most appropriate method which shall be one out of the methods specified.Paraphrasing, the provisions of section 92C(1) and (2) stipulate the following: Provided that where more than one price may be determined by the most appropriate method, the arm’s length price shall be taken to be the arithmetical mean of such prices.” (2) The most appropriate method referred to in sub-section (1) shall be applied, for determination of arm’s length price in the manner as may be prescribed: such other method as may be prescribed by the Board. ![]() (1)The arm’s length price in relation to an international transaction shall be determined by any of the following methods, being the most appropriate method, having regard to the nature of transaction or class of transactions or class of associated persons or functions performed by such persons or such other relevant factors as the Board may prescribe, namely:. The provisions relating to determination of arm’s length price are contained in section 92C which provides as follows: Thus, the definition provides that a price at which independent enterprises deal with each other (which is ordinarily determined by market forces), should be reckoned as the arm’s length price. Section 92F(ii) defines arm’s length price as ‘a price which is applied or proposed to be applied in a transaction between persons other than associated enterprises, in uncontrolled conditions.’ 6.1 The income arising from an international transaction is required to be computed having regard to the arm’s length price. ![]() ![]() Super Nintendo (check it out here): to emulate the PS2, you need one more program besides the emulator, which is the BIOS. ![]() And there is a difference in the PS2 emulation compared to other consoles emulation, e.g. That’s because the PS2 isn’t the simplest video game out there either. PCSX2 is not the simplest emulator out there, despite the developers’ efforts to make it as user-friendly as possible. I strongly recommend using a PS2 controller. In addition to being easier to configure, they make it easier to play, improving the experience, which gets similar to playing with the console. PS2 controls are plug and play on PCSX2, that is, you don’t need to set them up. There are models with USB cable, others with two cables, USB and PS2, which can be used on both PC and PS2. To play PS2 games on PC, I recommend you to use a controller similar to the PS2 controller. PlayStation consoles are also differentiated from the others with regard to the controllers, which have many buttons. Even if your computer has specs below the recommended (or even below the minimum, as mine), be sure to check the game lists to see which games you are able to emulate with your PC. If your PC has these specs or higher, it’s likely able to play any PS2 game well, with great performance.īut, as I said, all these recommendations are actually highly game dependent. PassMark G3D Mark benchmark rating around 6000 (e.g.that supports Direct3D11 (on Windows) or OpenGL 4.5 (on Linux).PassMark Single Thread Performance benchmark rating near or greater than 2100.that has 4 processing cores (quad core), with or without hyperthreading.Ubuntu 19.04 or newer, it can also be Debian, Arch Linux or other distro (32 or 64 bit).The recommended specs for PCSX2 is as follows: This game is very good, very fun and easy to play, I recommend it! You can check lists of light games (on the forum) and intensive games ( forum and wiki).Īlso fortunately the list of light games includes Disgaea: Hour of Darkness, whose DVD I already had. Some 2D games and others that underutilized the PS2 hardware may run on more modest CPUs, rated as low as 1200 (luckily, my CPU was rated above 1200). At least in theory, I couldn’t play PS2 games on my PC.īut the PCSX2 website also explains that these requirements are recommended for moderately complex games, which pushed the PS2 hardware to its limits. In my case, my CPU’s rating is 1519 and my GPU’s rating is 580.Īs you can see, my computer doesn’t meet the PCSX2 minimum requirements. To find out your computer’s specs, if you use the GNOME desktop (default for Linux Kamarada), open the Settings app and go to the Details section: But I’m going to show you in practice how you can see if your computer fits them. The PCSX2 developers listed its requirements somewhat differently than usual. PassMark G3D Mark benchmark rating around 3000 (e.g. ![]()
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